R-22
R-22 is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerant that has historically been a standard choice for medium and low-temperature cooling applications.
What is R-22?
R-22, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) composed of chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF₂), has been extensively used in residential, commercial, and industrial cooling systems. Known for its efficiency and thermal stability, it was a preferred choice for air conditioning, heat pumps, and medium to low-temperature refrigeration applications.
R-22 is compatible with traditional mineral oil (MO) and alkylbenzene (AB) lubricants and operates at pressures suitable for various HVAC and refrigeration systems. However, due to its ozone-depleting potential (ODP), R-22 has been phased out in many regions under the Montreal Protocol, limiting its availability. While existing systems may still use R-22, retrofit options such as R-407C, R-422B, and R-438A provide environmentally safer alternatives without requiring extensive system modifications.
Important Note
Key Properties of R-22
Low Boiling Point
Boils at (1 atm, °F): -41.8, making it efficient for medium and low-temperature refrigeration applications.
Higher Pressure Operation
Operates at significantly higher pressures than R-12, requiring many differnt parts.
Improved Energy Efficiency
Offers better energy efficiency compared to older refrigerants like R-12.
Non-Zero Ozone Depletion
Has an Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of 0.055, making it less safe for the environment.
Global Warming Potential
Has a GWP of 1810, which is significant but lower than some alternatives.
Non-Flammable
Classified as A1 (lowest toxicity, no flame propagation) by ASHRAE.
Technical Specifications
Applications and Usage
Residential Systems
- Central air conditioning and heat pump systems in homes
- Window and portable air conditioning units
- Older residential HVAC systems originally designed for R-22
Commercial Applications
- Packaged rooftop HVAC units for commercial buildings
- Supermarket refrigeration systems using R-22 for medium and low-temperature cooling
- Walk-in coolers, beverage display cases, and freezers in restaurants and convenience stores
Industrial Applications
- Cold storage warehouses and distribution centers
- Food processing and manufacturing refrigeration systems
- Industrial air conditioning units for large facilities
Specialized Uses
- Medical and laboratory refrigeration systems historically using R-22
- Ice-making machines in commercial and industrial settings
- Older HVAC and refrigeration equipment requiring a high-efficiency refrigerant before modern alternatives were introduced
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